Intramuscular, Intravenous Pseudomonal lung infections in cystic fibrosis
Adult: 100-150 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses via IV inj, IV infusion or deep IM inj. Max: 9 g daily. Consideration must be given to local treatment guidelines. Elderly: >80 years Max: 3 g daily. Child: 0-2 months 25-60 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses; >2 months 30-100 mg/kg daily in 2-3 divided doses; up to 150 mg/kg daily (Max: 6 g daily) in 3 divided doses may be given to infected immunocompromised or fibrocystic children or children with meningitis. Consideration must be given to local treatment guidelines.
Intramuscular, Intravenous Abdominal infections, Bacteraemia, Bone and joint infections, Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-associated peritonitis, Febrile neutropenia, Gastrointestinal infections, Meningitis, Respiratory tract infections, Septicaemia, Skin and soft tissue infections
Adult: Dosage depends on the severity, sensitivity, site and type of infection. Dose range: 1-6 g daily in 2-3 divided doses. Usual dose for most infections: 1 g 8 or 12 hourly or 2 g 12 hourly. Severe infections (especially in immunocompromised patients): 2 g 8 or 12 hourly or 3 g 12 hourly. Doses may be given via IV inj, IV infusion or deep IM inj. Consideration must be given to local treatment guidelines. Elderly: >80 years Max: 3 g daily. Child: 0-2 months 25-60 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses; >2 months 30-100 mg/kg daily in 2-3 divided doses; up to 150 mg/kg daily (Max: 6 g daily) in 3 divided doses may be given to infected immunocompromised or fibrocystic children or children with meningitis. Consideration must be given to local treatment guidelines.
Adult: 0.5 g or 1 g 12 hourly. For complicated cases: 1-2 g 8 or 12 hourly. Doses may be given via IV inj, IV infusion or deep IM inj. Consideration must be given to local treatment guidelines. Elderly: >80 years Max: 3 g daily. Child: 0-2 months 25-60 mg/kg daily in 2 divided doses; >2 months 30-100 mg/kg daily in 2-3 divided doses; up to 150 mg/kg daily (Max: 6 g daily) in 3 divided doses may be given to infected immunocompromised or fibrocystic children or children with meningitis. Consideration must be given to local treatment guidelines.
Suy thận
Severe infections: Increase unit dose by 50% or increase dosing frequency. Dosing recommendations may vary among individual products and between
countries (refer to specific product guidelines).
CrCl (mL/min)
Dosage
<5
Loading: 1 g. Maintenance: 0.5 g 48 hourly.
6-15
Loading: 1 g. Maintenance: 0.5 g 24 hourly.
16-30
Loading: 1 g. Maintenance: 1 g 24 hourly.
31-50
Loading: 1 g. Maintenance: 1 g 12 hourly.
Hướng dẫn pha thuốc
Instructions for reconstitution may vary among individual products and between countries (refer to specific product guidelines).
Tương kỵ
Incompatible with aminoglycosides; should not be mixed in the same giving set or syringe. Precipitation may occur when vancomycin is added to ceftazidime in solution.
Chống chỉ định
Hypersensitivity to ceftazidime and other cephalosporins, or history of severe hypersensitivity to any other type of β-lactam antibacterial agents (e.g. penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems).
Thận trọng
Patient with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis; history of seizure disorder. Renal impairment. Neonates, children, and elderly. Pregnancy and lactation.
Tác dụng không mong muốn
Significant: Diarrhoea, increased INR; overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms (prolonged use). Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Eosinophilia, thrombocytosis. General disorders and administration site conditions: Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis (IV); pain or inflammation (IM). Investigations: Transient elevations in ALT, AST, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Maculopapular or urticarial rash. Potentially Fatal: Severe hypersensitivity reactions; antibacterial agent-associated colitis and pseudomembranous colitis; haemolytic anaemia.
IM/Inhalation/Respiratory/Intraperitoneal/Intravitreal/IV/Parenteral: B
Chỉ số theo dõi
Perform culture and susceptibility tests; consult local institutional recommendations before treatment initiation due to antibiotic resistance risks. Monitor renal function. Assess for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis during 1st dose; nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, severe or bloody diarrhoea.
Tương tác
Concurrent administration of nephrotoxic agents such as aminoglycosides or potent diuretics (e.g. furosemide) may adversely affect renal function. Antagonistic effect with chloramphenicol. Ceftazidime may affect the gut flora, resulting in decreased reabsorption of estrogen and reduced efficacy of combined oral contraceptives.
Ảnh hưởng đến kết quả xét nghiệm
May cause false-positive urinary glucose test using cupric sulfate (Benedict's solution, Clinitest®, Fehling's solution); false-positive serum or urine creatinine with Jaffe reaction. May cause positive Coombs' test.
Tác dụng
Description: Mechanism of Action: Ceftazidime binds to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) which inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell wall. This results in the inhibition of cell wall biosynthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 1 hour (IM). Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the body including bone, bile, skin, heart, pleural or lymphatic fluids, and CSF (higher concentrations achieved in inflamed meninges). Crosses the placenta and enters breast milk. Plasma protein binding: Approx 10%. Metabolism: Not metabolised. Excretion: Mainly via urine (approx 80-90% as unchanged drug). Elimination half-life: Approx 2 hours.
Đặc tính
Ceftazidime Source: National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5481173, Ceftazidime. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ceftazidime. Accessed Aug. 15, 2023.
J01DD02 - ceftazidime ; Belongs to the class of third-generation cephalosporins. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL et al. Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2004 Nov;39(9):1267-1284. https://doi.org/10.1086/425368. Accessed 19/04/2023. PMID: 15494903Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics, Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, Sawyer MH. "Tables of Antibacterial Drug Dosages", Red Book: 2021-2024 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics [online]. Accessed 19/04/2023.AFT Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Ceftazidime (as pentahydrate) 1 g or 2 g Powder for Injection data sheet 27 June 2019. Medsafe. http://www.medsafe.govt.nz. Accessed 19/04/2023.Anon. Ceftazidime (Pediatric and Neonatal Lexi-Drugs). Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Anon. Ceftazidime. AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Anon. Ceftazidime. Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Buckingham R (ed). Ceftazidime. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Ceftazidime 2 g Powder for Solution for Injection/Infusion (Qilu Pharma Spain S.L.). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 19/04/2023.Ceftazidime Injection, Powder, for Solution (Sagent Pharmaceuticals). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 03/12/2021.Ceftazidime. Gold Standard Drug Database in ClinicalKey [online]. Elsevier Inc. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Fortum (Sandoz [MY]). MIMS Malaysia. http://www.mims.com/malaysia. Accessed 03/12/2021.Fortum 3 g Powder for Solution for Injection or Infusion (Glaxo Operations UK Ltd). MHRA. https://products.mhra.gov.uk. Accessed 03/12/2021.Fortum Injection 2 g/vial (Novartis Corporation [Malaysia] Sdn. Bhd.). National Pharmaceutical Regulatory Agency - Ministry of Health Malaysia. https://www.npra.gov.my. Accessed 19/04/2023.Joint Formulary Committee. Ceftazidime. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Paediatric Formulary Committee. Ceftazidime. BNF for Children [online]. London. BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press, and RCPCH Publications. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 19/04/2023.Tazicef Injection, Powder, For Solution (Hospira, Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed. Accessed 19/04/2023.
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