Glatiramer acetate

Subcutaneous
Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

Hypersensitivity to glatiramer acetate or mannitol.

Patient w/ pre-existing cardiac disorder. Pregnancy and lactation. Not intended to be administered via IV/IM route.

Significant: Immediate post-inj reactions (e.g. chest pain, flushing/vasodilation, palpitations, anxiety, dyspnoea, throat constriction, tachycardia, urticaria), localised lipoatrophy, potential effects on immune response (e.g. undermining of body’s tumour surveillance and defense system against infection). Rarely, convulsions, anaphylactoid reactions, skin necrosis.
Nervous: Dizziness, depression, syncope, migraine, nervousness, speech disturbance, abnormal dreams, stupor, tremors, asthenia, hypertonia.
CV: HTN, peripheral oedema.
GI: Nausea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, dysphagia, bowel urgency, dental carries, constipation.
Resp: Rhinitis, bronchitis, cough, laryngospasm.
Genitourinary: Urinary urgency, vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Endocrine: Wt gain.
Haematologic: Lymphadenopathy, benign skin neoplasm.
Musculoskeletal: Back pain, neck pain, arthralgia.
Ophthalmologic: Diplopia, visual field defect.
Dermatologic: Rash, hyperhidrosis, diaphoresis, facial oedema, skin atrophy.
Immunologic: Infections (e.g. influenza).

Parenteral/SC: B

Monitor for post-inj reactions.

Increased incidence of inj site reactions w/ corticosteroids.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Glatiramer acetate is an immunomodulating drug composed of a mixt of random polymers of L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, and L-tyrosine. The exact mechanism of action is still unknown, but it is thought to induce and activate T-cells that migrate into the CNS, suppressing immune response to myelin antigens resulting in downregulation of inflammation.
Pharmacokinetics:
Distribution: Small amounts of drug enter lymphatic circulation either intact or partially hydrolysed.
Metabolism: Rapidily metabolised via hydrolysis by subcutaneous and muscle tissues.

Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze.

Thuốc trị bệnh thoái hóa thần kinh / Vaccin, kháng huyết thanh & thuốc miễn dịch

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Joint Formulary Committee. Glatiramer Acetate. British National Formulary [online]. London. BMJ Group and Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 02/06/2017.

McEvoy GK, Snow EK, Miller J et al (eds). Glatiramer Acetate. AHFS Drug Information (AHFS DI) [online]. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP). https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 02/06/2017.

Rossi S (ed). Glatiramer. Australian Medicines Handbook [online]. Adelaide. Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. https://amhonline.amh.net.au. Accessed 02/06/2017.