Snake venom antisera

Intravenous
Envenomation caused by snake bites

North American Coral snake venom antisera: Reconstitute with 10 mL of sterile water for injection. To ensure proper reconstitution, diluent should be directed at the center of the pellet. Swirl the vial for 1 minute at 5 minute intervals, reconstitution takes approx 30 minutes per vial. North American crotalid snake venom antisera: Reconstitute with 18 mL of 0.9% NaCl and mix by continuous manual inversion at the rate of 1-2 inversions per second until no solid material is visible in the vial. Further dilute with 0.9% NaCl to a total volume of 250 mL. Tiger snake, black snake, brown snake, sea snake, death adder, and taipan snake venom antisera: Dilute with 0.9% NaCl or Lactated Ringer’s solution. Instructions for dilution vary depending on the kind of snake venom antisera and country of use, refer to specific product guidelines.

Concurrent use with opioids or other analgesics that suppress respiration.

Patient with asthma, hay fever, or urticaria. Hypersensitivity to horses or horse-based products; papaya or papain (North American crotalid antivenin). Not for prophylactic use in asymptomatic patient. Pregnancy and lactation.

Significant: Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis), delayed serum sickness.
Cardiac disorders: Chest pain.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Local injection site reactions, pyrexia, chills.
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Myalgia.
Nervous system disorders: Headache.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, urticaria.

Monitor the emergence of symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions; resolution of symptoms of envenomation. Monitor respiratory function and oxygenation; urine for hemoglobinuria.

May prolong and potentiate the severity of acute anaphylaxis with β-blockers.
Potentially Fatal: May increase the risk of respiratory depression with opioids.

Description:
Mechanism of Action: Snake venom antisera is prepared from the plasma of animals such as horses and sheep immunised with the venom of snakes. It contains a standardized amount of specific antibodies that bind to venom fractions, thereby neutralising its activity and promoting clearance.

Store between 2-8°C. Do not freeze.

Vaccin, kháng huyết thanh & thuốc miễn dịch

J06AA03 - snake venom antiserum ; Belongs to the class of immune sera. Used in the treatment of acute infectious diseases caused by toxigenic strains.

Anon. Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius) (Equine). AHFS Clinical Drug Information [online]. Bethesda, MD. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. https://www.ahfscdi.com. Accessed 26/11/2020.

Anon. Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius). Lexicomp Online. Hudson, Ohio. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. https://online.lexi.com. Accessed 25/11/2020.

Buckingham R (ed). Snake Venom Antisera. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference [online]. London. Pharmaceutical Press. https://www.medicinescomplete.com. Accessed 25/11/2020.

Crofab Injection, Powder, Lyophilized, for Solution (BTG International Inc.). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 26/11/2020.

North American Coral Snake Antivenin (Equine) Injection, Powder, for Solution (Wyeth Pharmaceuticals LLC). DailyMed. Source: U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/. Accessed 26/11/2020.