3TC

Lamivudine

As part of antiretroviral combination therapy for the treatment of HIV-infected adults & childn.

Tab Adult, adolescent & childn (at least 25 kg) 300 mg once daily or 150 mg bd. Childn ≥20 kg to <25 kg 225 mg daily, may be administered as either 75 mg (½ tab) in the morning & 150 mg (1 tab) in the evening, or 225 mg (1 & ½ tab) once daily. 14 to <20 kg 150 mg once daily or 75 mg (½ tab) bd. Oral soln Adult, adolescent & childn (at least 25 kg) 300 mg daily, may be administered as either 150 mg (15 mL) bd or 300 mg (30 mL) once daily. Childn from 1 yr (<25 kg) 0.5 mL/kg (5 mg/kg) bd or 1 mL/kg (10 mg/kg) once daily, 3 mth-1 yr (<25 kg) 0.5 mL/kg (5 mg/kg) bd. If bd regimen is not feasible, once daily (10 mg/kg/day) could be considered. When possible in childn, an all-tab regimen should preferably be used.

May be taken with or without food: For patients w/ swallowing difficulty, crush tab & add in a small amount of semi-solid food/liqd, consume immediately.

Hypersensitivity.

Not for use as monotherapy. Dose adjustment for patients w/ moderate to severe renal impairment. High rate of virological failure & emergence of resistance at an early stage when combined w/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate & abacavir as well as w/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate & didanosine as a once daily regimen. Opportunistic infections may continue to develop. Pancreatitis. Mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-negative infants exposed in utero &/or post-natally to nucleoside analogues. Increase in wt & in levels of blood lipids & glucose may occur. Immune reactivation syndrome. Patients w/ chronic hepatitis B or C & treated w/ combination antiretroviral therapy are at an increased risk of severe & potentially fatal hepatic adverse events. Patients w/ pre-existing liver dysfunction, including chronic active hepatitis. Osteonecrosis. Do not take w/ any other medicinal products containing lamivudine or emtricitabine. Not recommended in combination w/ cladribine. Pregnancy & lactation. Elderly. Whenever possible in childn, 3TC as tab formulation should preferably be used. Oral soln: Diabetic patients. Rare hereditary problems of fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption or sucrase-isomaltase insufficiency. Contains methyl parahydroxybenzoate & propyl parahydroxybenzoate.

Headache, insomnia; cough, nasal symptoms; nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or cramps, diarrhoea; rash, alopecia; arthralgia, muscle disorders; fatigue, malaise, fever.

Increased lamivudine exposure w/ trimethoprim (mainly eliminated by active renal secretion via the organic cationic transport system). Do not administer concomitantly w/ other cytidine analogues eg, emtricitabine. Potential risk of cladribine loss of efficacy. Avoid chronic co-administration w/ medicines containing sorbitol or other osmotic acting poly-alcohols or monosaccharide alcohols (eg, xylitol, mannitol, lactitol or maltitol); consider more frequent monitoring of HIV-1 viral load when chronic co-administration cannot be avoided.

Antivirals

J05AF05 - lamivudine ; Belongs to the class of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of viral infections.

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