Ampicillin + sulbactam

Parenteral
Pyelonephritis
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Upper and lower respiratory tract infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Intra-abdominal infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Gynaecological infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Bone and joint infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Bacterial septicaemia
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Skin and skin structure infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Urinary tract infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. Dosage is individualised based on the type or severity of the infection and renal function of the patient. Usual dose range: 1,500-12,000 mg daily in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj or IV infusion over 15-30 minutes, or via deep IM inj. Max: 4,000 mg sulbactam daily. In less severe cases, doses may be given 12 hourly. Treatment duration: 5-14 days, may be extended (or additional ampicillin may be given) in severely ill cases.
Child: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Neonate, infant, child 150 mg/kg/day (corresponds to 100 mg ampicillin/50 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 6 or 8 hourly via IV inj, IV infusion over 15-30 min, or deep IM inj. Neonate During 1st week of life (particularly preterm): 75 mg/kg/day (50 mg ampicillin/25 mg sulbactam/kg/day) in divided doses 12 hourly. Alternatively, in skin infections: ≥1 year 300 mg/kg/day (200 mg ampicillin/100 mg sulbactam/kg/day) via IV infusion in divided doses 6 hourly for up to 14 days; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose. Dosage recommendations may vary among countries and individual products (refer to detailed product guideline).
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Prophylaxis of surgical infections
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. In patients undergoing pelvic or abdominal surgery in which peritoneal contamination may be present, or in termination of pregnancy or caesarean section: 1,500-3,000 mg via IV or IM at induction of anaesthesia, may be repeated 6-8 hourly. Administration may be discontinued 24 hours after the majority of surgical procedures, unless therapeutic use is clinically indicated.
Renal impairment:

CrCl (ml/min)	Dosage Recommendation
≤30	Less frequent dose administration may be required (refer to detailed product guideline).

Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Parenteral
Uncomplicated gonorrhoea
Adult: Available preparations: Ampicillin 250 mg and sulbactam 125 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 500 mg and sulbactam 250 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 1,000 mg and sulbactam 500 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Ampicillin 2,000 mg and sulbactam 1,000 mg powder for solution for inj or infusion Recommended dose is expressed as a total of ampicillin/sulbactam combination. In combination with oral probenecid: 1,500 mg as single dose via IV or IM.
Reconstitution: Initially, reconstitute vial with the appropriate volume of sterile water for inj or any compatible diluent (e.g. 0.5% or 2% lidocaine hydrochloride may also be used for IM inj) to yield a final concentration of 375 mg/mL (250 mg ampicillin/125 mg sulbactam per mL). For IV infusion: Further dilute the reconstituted solution with a compatible diluent. Refer to specific product guidelines for further information on reconstitution.
Incompatibility: Incompatible with blood products or protein hydrolysates; aminoglycosides (avoid mixing in the same container or concurrent Y-site administration; reconstitute and administer separately).

Hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylaxis, Stevens Johnson syndrome [SJS]) to ampicillin, sulbactam, or β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins). History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with ampicillin/sulbactam combination use.

Patient with history of atopic allergy (e.g. asthma, eczema, urticaria). Not recommended for use in patients with infectious mononucleosis. Renal and hepatic impairment. Neonates, infants and children. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Assess the allergy history of the patient before starting treatment. Evaluate for signs of anaphylaxis during the 1st dose and signs and symptoms of opportunistic infections. Monitor haematologic, renal, and hepatic function with prolonged use. Perform culture and susceptibility tests prior to treatment initiation; consult local institutional recommendation before treatment initiation due to antibiotic resistance risks.

Significant: Fungal or bacterial superinfection, including Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (prolonged use); rash or severe cutaneous reactions (e.g. toxic epidermal necrolysis, SJS, dermatitis exfoliative, erythema multiforme, acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis). Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, leucopenia, neutropenia. Cardiac disorders: Chest pain. Gastrointestinal disorders: Diarrhoea, vomiting, nausea, flatulence, abdominal distension, glossitis, mucosal bleeding. General disorders and administration site conditions: Inj site pain, fatigue, malaise, chills, oedema. Hepatobiliary disorders: Hyperbilirubinaemia. Investigations: Increased ALT, AST; decreased plasma concentration of total conjugated estriol, conjugated estrone, estradiol, and estriol-glucuronide (in pregnant women). Nervous system disorders: Headache. Renal and urinary disorders: Urine retention, dysuria. Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Epistaxis, throat tightness. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Pruritus. Vascular disorders: Phlebitis, thrombophlebitis.
Potentially Fatal: Hypersensitivity reaction (e.g. anaphylaxis), hepatotoxicity (e.g. hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice).

Increased and prolonged serum concentrations with probenecid. Ampicillin: Increased incidence of rashes with allopurinol. May enhance the effect of anticoagulants. May inactivate the effect of aminoglycosides. Bacteriostatic drugs (e.g. chloramphenicol, erythromycin, sulfonamides, tetracyclines) may interfere with the bactericidal effect of ampicillin. Diminished therapeutic efficacy of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Decreased clearance of methotrexate thus increase the risk of toxicity.

May cause false-positive result with urinary glucose tests using cupric sulfate (e.g. Benedict's solution, Fehling's solution, Clinitest^®).

Ampicillin prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to 1 or more of the penicillin-binding proteins resulting in the inhibition of the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell walls. Sulbactam extends the spectrum of ampicillin activity due to its irreversible inhibition of β-lactamases that are found in penicillin-resistant organisms. It has limited antibacterial activity to Neisseriaceae.
Absorption: Rapidly and almost completely absorbed following IM inj. Ampicillin: Time to peak plasma concentration: 30-40 minutes (IM). Sulbactam: Time to peak plasma concentration: 30-52 minutes (IM).
Distribution: Crosses the placenta, enters breast milk (small amounts). Penetrates the CSF with inflamed meninges. Ampicillin: Distributed into the bile. Plasma protein binding: 15-18%. Sulbactam: Widely distributed in the bile, blister, and tissue fluids. Plasma protein binding: 38%.
Metabolism: Ampicillin: Metabolised to penicilloic acid.
Excretion: Ampicillin: Via urine (approx 90%); faeces. Elimination half-life: 1-1.8 hours. Sulbactam: Via urine (approx 75-85% as unchanged drug). Elimination half-life: 1-1.3 hours.

Parenteral: Store intact vials below 30°C. IM: Concentrated solution must be used within 1 hour of reconstitution. IV infusion: Storage recommendations after reconstitution and dilution may vary depending on the diluent used and the final concentration of the solution. Refer to specific product guidelines.

Penicillins

J01CG01 - sulbactam ; Belongs to the class of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
J01CA01 - ampicillin ; Belongs to the class of penicillins with extended spectrum. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
S01AA19 - ampicillin ; Belongs to the class of antibiotics. Used in the treatment of eye infections.