Moxifloxacin

Oral
Acute bacterial sinusitis
Adult: 400 mg once daily for 7 days.

Oral
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Adult: 400 mg once daily for 5-10 days.

Oral
Community-acquired pneumonia
Adult: 400 mg once daily for 10 days.

Oral
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Adult: In combination with another antibacterials in mild to moderate cases: 400 mg once daily for 14 days.

Oral
Complicated skin and skin structure infections
Adult: 400 mg once daily for 7-21 days.

Intravenous
Community-acquired pneumonia
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 7-14 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Intravenous
Complicated skin and skin structure infections
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 7-21 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Intravenous
Complicated intra-abdominal infections
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 5-14 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Intravenous
Acute bacterial sinusitis
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 10 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Intravenous
Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 5 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Intravenous
Plague
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 10-14 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Intravenous
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections
Adult: 400 mg once daily given via infusion over 60 minutes for 7 days.
Incompatibility: 10% and 20% NaCl solution, 4.2% and 8.4% Na bicarbonate solution.

Ophthalmic
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Adult: As 0.5% solution: Instill 1 drop into the affected eye(s) tid for 7 days.

May be taken with or without food.

Hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin or other quinolone antibiotics. Patient with history of tendon disorders, myasthenia gravis, QT interval prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias, proarrhythmic conditions (e.g. bradycardia, acute MI), peripheral neuropathy, uncorrected electrolyte disorders (e.g. hypokalaemia, hypomagnesemia). Concomitant use with Class 1A and Class III antiarrhythmics, antihistamines, and other drugs that prolong QT interval (e.g. cisapride, erythromycin, antipsychotics, and TCA).

Patient with known or suspected CNS disorders (e.g. seizure disorder) or other risk factors predisposing to seizures, solid organ transplant recipients, significant bradycardia or acute myocardial ischaemia, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, G6PD, psychiatric disease. Renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation. Patient Counselling This drug may cause dizziness and transient loss of vision, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery. Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight or artificial UV light (e.g. tanning beds) and use protective measures (e.g. sunscreen, wear loose-fitting clothes) if staying outdoors during therapy. Remove contact lenses prior to ophth admin. Monitoring Parameters Monitor for hypersensitivity reactions, signs and symptoms of infection. Monitor CBC, ECG, LFT and blood glucose levels closely.

Significant: Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, shock). Superinfections, hyperglycaemia, pseudomembranous colitis or Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, irreversible tendinitis, or tendon rupture, CNS effects (e.g. peripheral neuropathy, seizures, anxiety, depression, delirium, hallucination), leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Anaemia. Ear and labyrinth disorders: Tinnitus. Eye disorders: Eye irritation, conjunctivitis, decreased visual acuity, eye pain and discomfort, eye pruritus, lacrimation, ocular hyperemia, subconjunctival haemorrhage, xerophthalmia. Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain. General disorders and administration site conditions: Hyperhidrosis. Hepatobiliary disorders: Jaundice. Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Hyperlipidaemia, dehydration, anorexia. Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Arthralgia, myalgia. Nervous system disorders: Headache, dizziness, insomnia, confusion. Psychiatric disorders: Disturbances in attention, disorientation, agitation, nervousness, memory impairment. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, pruritus. Vascular disorders: Vasculitis.
Potentially Fatal: Hypoglycaemia, fulminant hepatitis. Rarely, QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias (including torsades de pointes), bullous skin reactions (e.g. Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis).

Symptoms: QT prolongation. Management: Administer activated charcoal immediately after absorption. Perform ECG monitoring.

Increased risk of bradycardia with potassium-reducing agents (e.g. loop diuretics). Increased risk of tendon disorder with corticosteroids. Decreased absorption by forming chelates with antacids containing Al, Mg, Fe, sucralfate and multivalent cations. May enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Potentially Fatal: Increased risk of QT prolongation with class IA (e.g. quinidine) and class III (e.g. amiodarone) antiarryhthmics, terfenadine, cisapride, erythromycin, antipsychotics (e.g. haloperidol), and TCA (e.g. amitriptyline).

May produce a false-positive urine screening result with opioids.

Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone anti-infective agent, which inhibits bacterial topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) enzymes which are essential for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, repair and recombination thereby impeding bacterial growth.
Absorption: Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absolute bioavailability: Approx 90%.
Distribution: Rapidly distributed to extravascular spaces. Volume of distribution: 1.7-2.7 L/kg. Plasma protein binding: Approx 30-50%.
Metabolism: Metabolised in the liver via glucuronide and sulfate conjugation.
Excretion: Via urine (20% as unchanged drug, glucuronide conjugate); faeces (25% as unchanged drug, sulfate conjugate). Elimination half-life: Approx 12 hours.

Intravenous: Store below 25°C. Protect from moisture. Ophthalmic: Store below 25°C. Protect from moisture. Oral: Store below 25°C. Protect from moisture.

Eye Anti-Infectives & Antiseptics / Quinolones

J01MA14 - moxifloxacin ; Belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
S01AE07 - moxifloxacin ; Belongs to the class of quinolone antiinfectives. Used in the treatment of eye infections.