The following sites of actions play a role in the contraceptive actions of Madonna: Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarial axis; ovulation inhibition depending on the time and frequency of intake; endometrial factor (direct inhibition of implantation or direct effect on the blastula); tubal factor (alteration of tubal motility); inhibition of sperm-capacitation (inhibition of capacitation, i.e. the ultimate ripping phase of the sperms in the female organism).
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