Acetazolamide

Should be taken with food.

Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides. Na and/or K depletion, suprarenal gland failure, hyperchloraemic acidosis, hepatic cirrhosis, adrenocortical insufficiency, long term use in chronic non-congestive angle-closure glaucoma. Severe renal and hepatic impairment.

Patients with diabetes mellitus, respiratory acidosis, impaired alveolar ventilation (e.g. pulmonary obstruction, emphysema), potential urinary tract obstruction, history of renal calculi. Concomitant use with high-dose aspirin. Mild to moderate renal and hepatic impairment. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation. Patient Counselling This drug may cause dizziness, drowsiness and myopia, if affected, do not drive or operate machinery. Monitoring Parameters Monitor CBC with differential, serum electrolytes and IOP at baseline and periodically thereafter; growth (children). Assess for allergy history prior to treatment initiation. Monitor for signs of suicidal ideation and behaviour; signs of excessive dosing and acidosis especially in elderly.

Significant: Metabolic acidosis, electrolyte imbalance (e.g. hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia), impaired mental alertness and physical coordination, suicidal ideation and behaviour, growth retardation (children in long-term therapy), acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis. Ear and labyrinth disorders: Tinnitus, impaired hearing. Eye disorders: Transient myopia. Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. General disorders and administration site conditions: Fever, malaise, fatigue, ataxia, inj site pain. Hepatobiliary disorders: Abnormal liver function, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice. Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Thirst, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia. Nervous system disorders: Headache, paraesthesia, dysgeusia, flaccid paralysis. Psychiatric disorders: Irritability, depression, excitement, anorexia, confusion. Renal and urinary disorders: Polyuria, haematuria, glycosuria, crystalluria, renal calculi, colic or lesion; renal failure. Reproductive system and breast disorders: Decreased libido. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Rash, urticaria, photosensitivity. Vascular disorders: Flushing.
Potentially Fatal: Rarely, severe reactions to sulfonamides including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, blood dyscrasias, fulminant hepatic necrosis and anaphylaxis.

May increase serum levels of anticonvulsants (e.g. phenytoin, carbamazepine). May potentiate the effects of folic acid antagonists, hypoglycaemics, and oral anticoagulants. May require dose adjustments when co-administered with cardiac glycosides or hypertensive agents. May increase excretion of lithium. May reduce serum level of primidone. May enhance effects of amphetamines and quinidine. May prevent the urinary antiseptic effect of methenamine. May elevate serum ciclosporin levels. Increased risk of renal calculus formation with Na bicarbonate.

Anticonvulsants / Antiglaucoma Preparations / Diuretics

S01EC01 - acetazolamide ; Belongs to the class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Used in the treatment of glaucoma.