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Administration
Should be taken on an empty stomach (i.e. At least one hour before food or two hours after food).
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Contraindications
Hypersensitivity or history of hypersensitivity (e.g. anaphylaxis) to ampicillin, or other β-lactam antibiotics (e.g. penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams).
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Special Precautions
Patient with glandular fever, spirochaete infections (particularly syphilis). Not recommended in patients suspected with or with infectious mononucleosis, acute and chronic lymphatic leukaemia, or cytomegalovirus infection. Renal impairment. Neonates and children. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Perform culture and susceptibility tests; consult local institutional recommendations before treatment initiation due to antibiotic resistance risks. Screen for a history of renal and liver impairment, or active mononucleosis. Monitor renal, hepatic, and haematologic functions periodically (prolonged use). Assess for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis during the 1st dose.
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Adverse Reactions
Significant: Seizures (rapid infusion); bacterial or fungal superinfection (prolonged use); Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Leucopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, coagulation disorders.
Gastrointestinal disorders: Diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, epigastric discomfort, sore mouth, black hairy tongue.
General disorders and administration site conditions: Fever; inj site pain or phlebitis.
Hepatobiliary disorders: Rarely, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice.
Immune system disorders: Serum sickness-like reaction.
Investigations: Moderate and transient increase in transaminases; prolonged prothrombin time (rare).
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: Joint pain.
Nervous system disorders: Encephalopathy; paraesthesia (prolonged use).
Renal and urinary disorders: Nephropathy, interstitial nephritis.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Pruritus, purpura.
Potentially Fatal: Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. anaphylaxis, angioedema, erythematous or urticarial rash), Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis. |
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Drug Interactions
Increased risk of allergic skin reactions with allopurinol. Decreased absorption with chloroquine. Reduced excretion and increased risk of toxicity with probenecid and sulfinpyrazone. May reduce the efficacy of oral contraceptives. May reduce the excretion of methotrexate. May reduce the efficacy of oral typhoid vaccine. Bacteriostatic drugs (e.g. erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline) may interfere with the bactericidal action of ampicillin. May enhance the effect of oral anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin). May increase the absorption of digoxin.
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CIMS Class
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ATC Classification
J01CA01 - ampicillin ; Belongs to the class of penicillins with extended spectrum. Used in the systemic treatment of infections.
S01AA19 - ampicillin ; Belongs to the class of antibiotics. Used in the treatment of eye infections. |
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