Clopidogrel

Clopidogrel: May be taken with or without food.

Active pathological bleeding (e.g. peptic ulcer or intracranial haemorrhage). Severe hepatic impairment.

Patients with platelet disorders, bleeding disorders, or at increased risk for bleeding (e.g. recent trauma or surgery); lesions with a propensity to bleed (e.g. gastrointestinal, intraocular), acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, coronary artery stents; previous hypersensitivity or haematologic reactions to thienopyridine use (e.g. ticlopidine, prasugrel). CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolisers. Patients undergoing CABG or other elective surgical procedures. Temporarily discontinue 5-7 days before elective surgery if antiplatelet effect is not desirable. Renal and moderate hepatic impairment. Elderly. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Monitor Hb and haematocrit periodically; signs of bleeding including occult bleeding, particularly during the 1st weeks of treatment and following invasive cardiac procedures or surgery.

Significant: Cross-reactive drug hypersensitivity (e.g. rash, angioedema, haematologic reaction) among thienopyridines; prolonged bleeding time. Rarely, acquired haemophilia. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: Thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, eosinophilia, neutropenia. Gastrointestinal disorders: Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, gastritis, vomiting, nausea, constipation, flatulence. General disorders and administration site conditions: Puncture site bleeding. Investigations: Decreased neutrophil and platelet counts. Nervous system disorders: Headache, paraesthesia, dizziness. Renal and urinary disorders: Haematuria. Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Epistaxis. Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Bruising, pruritis. Vascular disorders: Haematoma.
Potentially Fatal: Rarely, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal haemorrhage.

Increased risk of bleeding with aspirin, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, NSAIDs including cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors, thrombolytics, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, SSRIs, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Antiplatelet effect may be reduced when given with moderate or strong CYP2C19 inhibitors (e.g. esomeprazole, omeprazole, fluvoxamine, moclobemide, voriconazole, ticlopidine, carbamazepine, efavirenz). May increase the plasma concentrations of CYP2C8 substrates (e.g. repaglinide, paclitaxel). Absorption may be delayed and reduced by opioid agonists (e.g. morphine).

Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets & Fibrinolytics (Thrombolytics)

B01AC04 - clopidogrel ; Belongs to the class of platelet aggregation inhibitors excluding heparin. Used in the treatment of thrombosis.