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Administration
Should be taken with food.
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Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to pentoxifylline, other methyl xanthines. Cerebral and extensive retinal haemorrhage, acute MI, severe cardiac arrhythmias.
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Special Precautions
Patient w/ risk factors complicated by haemorrhage (e.g. recent surgery, peptic ulceration, cerebral and/or retinal bleeding), cerebrovascular disease, hypotension, severe coronary artery disease. Renal and severe hepatic impairment. Pregnancy and lactation. Monitoring Parameters Monitor prothrombin time, Hb, haematocrit. Monitor renal function.
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Adverse Reactions
Significant: Anaphylactic reaction, angina, transient hypotension, reduction in coronary artery perfusion, arrhythmia.
Nervous: Headache, dizziness, tremor, nervousness, drowsiness, insomnia, agitation, sleep disorder.
CV: Tachycardia, flushing.
GI: Nausea, vomiting, epigastric discomfort, abdominal distention, constipation, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, hypersalivation.
Resp: Bronchospasm.
Hepatic: Increased transaminases, cholestasis.
Haematologic: Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia/neutropenia, haemorrhage.
Ophthalmologic: Blurred vision.
Dermatologic: Rash, erythema, pruritus, urticaria.
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Drug Interactions
Increased exposure and toxicity w/ cimetidine, ciprofloxacin. Increased risk of bleeding and prolonged prothrombin time w/ anticoagulants (e.g. warfarin), platelet aggregation inhibitors (e.g. clopidogrel), and ketorolac. May increase theophylline levels and toxicity. Increased pharmacological effects of antihypertensive agents, insulin and oral hypoglycaemic agents.
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CIMS Class
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ATC Classification
C04AD03 - pentoxifylline ; Belongs to the class of purine derivative agents. Used as peripheral vasodilators.
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