Clomiphene citrate is a non-steroidal compound which are competitive antagonists against estrogen endogenous in endogenous receptors in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus. Clomiphene citrate has a very weak estrogenic effects and moderate estrogenic anti-effects, which may affect reproductive organ system of female and male. Clomiphene citrate can stimulate ovulation and spermatogenesis by eliminating the influence the feedback of estrogen and androgen on gonadotropin secretion from adenohypophysis (release factor) and the hypothalamus, so that the secretion of the FSH hormone and LH increases without triggering the axis function of pituitary-adrenal and axis of the pituitary-thyroid gland. With the pharmacodynamic effect like that, Clomiphene citrate may induce ovulation in infertile women caused by anovulatory or amenorrhea also induces spermatogenesis in infertile men due to oligospermia.
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