Asfrenon

Salbutamol sulfate.

Each tablet contains: Salbutamol (as Sulfate) 2 mg.
Each 5 mL (1 teaspoonful) syrup contains: Salbutamol (as Sulfate) 2 mg.

Pharmacology: The pharmacological actions of this agent include Alpha-adrenergic stimulation (vasoconstrictions, nasal decongestion, pressor effects) B1 adrenergic stimulation (increased myocardial contractility and contraction). B2-adrenergic myocardial (bronchial dilation and vasodilation). Beta-adrenergic drugs stimulate adenylylcyclase, the enzymes that catalyze the formation of cyclic-3'5 adenosine monophosphate (cyclicAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The cyclic AMP formed mediates the cellular responses.
In addition to the cardiovascular/pulmonary effects, other adrenergic actions include alpha receptor-mediated contraction GI and urinary sphincters. B1 receptor-mediated lipolysis, and B2 receptor-mediated decrease in GI tone, and increase in renin secretion, uterine relaxation, hepatic glycogenolysis/gluconeogenesis and pancreatic beta cell secretion.
The relative selectivity of actions of sympathomimetic agents is the primary determinant of clinical usefulness, it can predict the most likely side effects. The B2 selective agents provide the greatest benefit with minimal side effects. Direct administration via inhalation provides prompt and minimizes systematic activity. This drug inhibits histamine release from the mast cells, produce vasodilatation and increase ciliary motility.
Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Action: Salbutamol is used to produce bronchodilator or relieves nasal congestion. It relieves reversible bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscles of the bronchioles in conditions associated with asthma, bronchitis, emphysema or bronchiectasis. Bronchodilations may additionally facilitate expectoration.

Relief of bronchospasm all types of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It is also useful for treating bronchospasm in patients with co-existing heart disease and hypertension.

Tablet: Adult: 1 tablet (2 mg). If adequate bronchodilation is not obtained the dose may be gradually increased to 2 tablets, three to four times daily or as prescribed by the physician.
Syrup: Adult: 2 teaspoonful (10 mL), three to four times daily.
6-12 years: 1 teaspoonful (5 mL).
2-6 years: ½-1 teaspoonful (2.5-5 mL).
To be taken 3-4 times daily or as prescribed by the physician.

Hypersensitivity to any component (allergic reactions are rare); cardiac arrhythmias associated with tachycardia caused by digitalis intoxication.

Special risk patients: Administer with caution to individuals with unstable vasomotor systems, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy and history of seizures. Also administer with caution to elderly patients, psychoneurotic individuals and patients with long-standing bronchial asthma and emphysema who have developed degenerative heart disease.
Local Irritation: Powder formulation may irritate the oropharynx and tracheobronchial tree, consider use secondary to solutions or suspensions. Reduce dosage if bronchial irritation, nervousness, restlessness occur. In patients with status asthmaticus and abnormal blood gas, tensions may not accompany apparent relief of bronchospasm.
Facilities for administering oxygen and ventilatory assistance are necessary.
Cardiovascular Effects: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders including coronary insufficiency, a history of stroke, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias and hypotension. This agent may cause toxic symptoms through idiosyncratic response or overdose. Patients with atrial fibrillation show an exaggerated increase in heart rate response. If the cardiac rate increases sharply, patients with angina pectoris may increase anginal pain until the cardiac rate decreases. Closely monitor patients receiving epinephrine advertently include high arterial blood pressure may result in angina pectoris, aortic rupture or cerebral hemorrhage. Cardiac arrhythmias develop in some individuals even after therapeutic doses. Epinephrine causes changes in the ECG even in normal persons, including a decrease in amplitude of the T wave. Administer with great care to patients with cardiac arrhythmias, coronary insufficiency, ischemic heart disease, coronary artery or organic heart disease and hypertension.

Tolerance may occur with prolonged use of Salbutamol, but temporary cessation of the drug restores its original effectiveness.
Combined therapy: Concomitant use of salbutamol with other sympathomimetic agents is not recommended, as it may lead to deleterious cardiovascular effects. This does not preclude the judicious use of an adrenergic stimulant aerosol bronchodilation or the relief of an acute bronchospasm in patients receiving salbutamol. Do not give on a routine basis. If regular administration is required, consider alternative therapy.

Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C.

Antiasthmatic & COPD Preparations

R03CC02 - salbutamol ; Belongs to the class of adrenergics for systemic use, selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists. Used in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases.

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