Trioday Adverse Reactions

The following adverse reactions are discussed in other sections of the labeling: Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis (see Precautions); Exacerbations of hepatitis B (see Warnings); Immune reconstitution syndrome (see Precautions); Hepatic decompensation in patients co-infected with HIV-1 and hepatitis C (see Precautions); Pancreatitis (see Precautions); New onset or worsening renal impairment (see Precautions); Bone Loss and Mineralization Defects (see Precautions); Psychiatric symptoms (see Precautions); Nervous system symptoms (see Precautions); Rash (see Precautions); Fat redistribution; Hepatotoxicity (see Precautions).
Pediatrics: Efavirenz: Because clinical studies are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates reported cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical studies and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
Assessment of adverse reactions is based on three clinical trials in 182 HIV-1 infected pediatric patients (3 months to 21 years of age) who received efavirenz in combination with other antiretroviral agents for a median of 123 weeks. The adverse reactions observed in the three trials were similar to those observed in clinical trials in adults except that rash was more common in pediatric patients (32% for all grades regardless of causality) and more often of higher grade (ie, more severe). Two (1.1%) pediatric patients experienced Grade 3 rash (confluent rash with fever, generalized rash), and four (2.2%) pediatric patients had Grade 4 rash (all erythema multiforme). Five pediatric patients (2.7%) discontinued from the study because of rash (see Precautions).
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate: Assessment of adverse reactions is based on two randomized trials (Trials 352 and 321) in 184 HIV-1 infected pediatric subjects (2 years to less than 18 years of age) who received treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (N=93) or placebo/active comparator (N=91) in combination with other antiretroviral agents for 48 weeks. The adverse reactions observed in subjects who received treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were consistent with those observed in clinical trials in adults.
In Trial 352, 89 pediatric subjects (2 years to less than 12 years of age) received tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for a median exposure of 104 weeks. Of these, 4 subjects discontinued from the trial due to adverse reactions consistent with proximal renal tubulopathy. Three of these 4 subjects presented with hypophosphatemia and also had decreases in total body or spine BMD Z-score (see Precautions).
Changes in Bone Mineral Density: In Trial 321 (12 years to less than 18 years of age), the mean rate of BMD gain at Week 48 was less in the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group compared to the placebo group. Six tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treated subjects and one placebo-treated subject had significant (greater than 4%) lumbar spine BMD loss at Week 48.
Changes from baseline BMD Z-scores were -0.341 for lumbar spine and -0.458 for total body in the 28 subjects who were treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for 96 weeks.
Postmarketing Experience: The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of each of the individual components of efavirenz, lamivudine, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate tablets. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of unknown size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These reactions have been chosen for inclusion due to a combination of their seriousness, frequency of reporting, or potential causal connection to lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.
Efavirenz: Body as a Whole: allergic reactions, asthenia, redistribution/accumulation of body fat (see Precautions).
Central and Peripheral Nervous System: abnormal coordination, ataxia, cerebellar coordination and balance disturbances, convulsions, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, neuropathy, tremor, vertigo.
Endocrine: gynecomastia.
Gastrointestinal: constipation, malabsorption.
Cardiovascular: flushing, palpitations.
Liver and Biliary System: hepatic enzyme increase, hepatic failure, hepatitis.
Metabolic and Nutritional: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia.
Musculoskeletal: arthralgia, myalgia, myopathy.
Psychiatric: aggressive reactions, agitation, delusions, emotional lability, mania, neurosis, paranoia, psychosis, suicide, catatonia.
Respiratory: dyspnea.
Skin and Appendages: erythema multiforme, photoallergic dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Special Senses: abnormal vision, tinnitus.
Lamivudine: Body as a Whole: Redistribution/accumulation of body fat.
Endocrine and Metabolic: Hyperglycemia.
General: Weakness.
Hemic and Lymphatic: Anemia (including pure red cell aplasia and severe anemias progressing on therapy).
Hepatic and Pancreatic: Lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis, posttreatment exacerbations of hepatitis B (see Warnings and Precautions).
Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis, urticaria.
Musculoskeletal: Muscle weakness, CPK elevation, rhabdomyolysis.
Skin: Alopecia, pruritus.
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: Immune System Disorders: allergic reaction, including angioedema.
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: lactic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia.
Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: dyspnea.
Gastrointestinal Disorders: pancreatitis, increased amylase, abdominal pain.
Hepatobiliary Disorders: hepatic steatosis, hepatitis, increased liver enzymes (most commonly AST, ALT gamma GT).
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: rash.
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: rhabdomyolysis, osteomalacia (manifested as bone pain and which may contribute to fractures), muscular weakness, myopathy.
Renal and Urinary Disorders: acute renal failure, renal failure, acute tubular necrosis, Fanconi syndrome, proximal renal tubulopathy, interstitial nephritis (including acute cases), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, renal insufficiency, increased creatinine, proteinuria, polyuria.
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: asthenia.
The following adverse reactions, listed under the body system headings above, may occur as a consequence of proximal renal tubulopathy: rhabdomyolysis, osteomalacia, hypokalemia, muscular weakness, myopathy, hypophosphatemia.
Reporting of suspected adverse reactions: Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the local reporting system.